Dissertations / Theses: 'Symbolic aspects of Flowers' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

The special-purpose computer algebra system FELIX is designed for computations in constructive commutative and non-commutative algebra. In this paperwe discuss some features of the system supporting the computation of rather complex problems, especially standard basis computations, using standard hardware. There is a frst aspect concerning the definition and implementation of the basic data types which should be a good compromise between space and time efficient representations of the algebraic objects. Usually, rather complex computations are very time consuming (up to weeks) and often require several attempts. So, there are included special session saving methods in FELIX which allows to backup the attained intermediate results in form of memory images into special session files and to restart later on. Finally, we describe our efforts crunching complex problems by parallelization. The implemented interface is based on stream sockets and includes a special protocol for the data exchange. It supports the distributed computation on heterogeneous, loosely coupled systems.

Abstract:

The main part of this submission is a portfolio of five selected compositions, representative of my compositional development between 2003 and 2009, three of which explore the expressive qualities of the solo voice, soprano, counter-tenor or baritone, in settings of highly symbolic or surreal poetry by Gerard Manley Hopkins (Life's Masque Mirrored), St. John of the Cross (En una noche oscura) and Federico Garcia Lorca (Virgen de la Soledad). While the Hopkins cycle features the piano in a substantive accompanimental role, the other two works make use of unusual chamber combinations. Hopkins' poetry also features in The May Magnificat for choir and organ; while the potential of the piano as a solo instrument is realised in the Sonata. Also included are recordings of two of the works, Virgen de la Soledad (2005-06) and Sonata for Piano (2007), programme notes and composer's analytical commentary, the latter of which outlines techniques and methodologies employed in the composition of the above works and acknowledges the diverse influences which have had some bearing upon them. A major component of the submission is a dissertation entitled Olivier Messiaen: musical and symbolic aspects of three later organ cycles, which has some relevance to the submitted compositions, most of which are settings of symbolic texts. The purpose of this study is to consider the particular nature and circ*mstances of Messiaen's own, deeply-held faith and to evaluate the extent to which the truths which he sought to illuminate were determinants of the form, structure and content of his compositions and to what degree these truths inform our understanding of his music. Three of the later organ cycles, each being representative of a different period of Messiaen's compositional development and each dealing with one of the most important mysteries of the Roman Catholic faith, are analysed in detail to achieve this end. Religious symbolism has, down the centuries, been a source of inspiration in many different areas of creativity, e.g. fine art, architecture, poetry, drama and music. A number of the more established contemporary composers look to some form of religious symbolism to underpin their work : James Macmillan, Arvo Part, and John Tavener come to mind. Olivier Messiaen himself said that "all art which attempt~ to express the Diivine Mystery may qualify as religious" and that “all music which approaches with reverence the Divine, the Sacred, the Ineffable, IS truly religious music in the full strength of the term". Most of Messiaen's music is strongly symbolic, but the organ repertoire is of particular importance since it is performed usually within a consecrated space, sometimes as part of the liturgy; furthermore, it spans his whole compositional career. The purpose of this present study is to consider the particular nature and circ*mstances of Messiaen's own, deeply-held faith and to evaluate the extent to which the truths which he sought to illuminate were determinants of the form, structure and content of his compositions and to what degree these truths inform our understanding of his music. Three of the later organ cycles, each being representative of a different period of Messiaen's compositional development and each dealing with one of the most important mysteries of the Roman Catholic faith, are analysed in detail to achieve this end.

Abstract:

This thesis describes an investigation into university students' manipulation of symbols in solving calculus problems, and relates this to other aspects such as drawing and interpretation of graphs. It is concerned with identifying differences between students who are successful with symbol manipUlation and those who are less successful. It was initially expected that the more successful would have flexible and efficient symbolic methods whilst the less successful would tend to have single procedures which would be more likely to break down. Krutetskii (1976) noted that more successful problem-solvers curtail their solutions whilst the less able are less likely to acquire that ability even after a long practice. This suggested a possible correlation between success and curtailment. An initial pilot study with mathematics education students at a British University showed that in carrying out the algorithms of the calculus, successful students would often work steadily in great detail, however, they were more likely to have a variety of approaches available and were more likely to use conceptual ideas to simplify their task. However, the efficiency in handling symbolic manipulation may not be an indication that the students are able to relate their computational outcome to graphical ideas. A modified pilot test was trialed at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia before a main study at the same university in which 36 second year students were investigated in three groups of twelve, having grades A, B, C respectively in their first year examination. The findings of this research indicate that there is no significant correlation between ability and curtailment, but ability correlates with conceptual preparation of procedures where there is an appropriate simplification to make the application of the algorithm simpler. The more able students may have several flexible strategies and meaningful symbolic mathematical representations but these may not always relate to visual and graphical ideas. On the other hand the less able students are less likely to break away from the security of a single procedure and liable to breakdown in getting the solutions for the calculus problems.

Abstract:

 la fin du Moyen Âge les fleurs sont fréquemment représentées dans les tapisseries, les manuscrits enluminés et les tableaux. L’objectif de l’étude est d’établir qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un simple procédé décoratif. Les fleurs, support naturel de la couleur, constituent un système symbolique par analogie dont la fonction est de guider le spectateur dans sa lecture de l’image. La construction des images en réseaux signifiants avec la flore symbolique accompagne un comportement nouveau, la Devotio Moderna, sous l’influence des ordres Mendiants, notamment les Dominicains. L’objectif est de guider le fidèle lors de ses prières. Les imagiers utilisent également ce système pour représenter les rois français Valois qui souhaitent proclamer leur lien privilégié avec Dieu. L’étude de ce système symbolique, contenu et structure, nous permet de mieux comprendre la mentalité médiévale avec sa façon particulière de penser le monde
At the end of the Middle Ages flowers are frequent in tapestries, manuscripts and paintings. The aim of this study is to prove they are not just decorative items but that they have their own function in images. These flowers, especially by means of their colours, make up a symbolical system aiming at guiding the reader to understand the inner sense of symbolical images. This special way of composing images is concomitant with a new way of praying God, the Devotio Moderna, under the supervision of preachers, especially the Dominicans. The image-makers also use these new patterns to picture the French Valois kings in order to assert their alleged special relationship with God. The study of this symbolical system, contents and structure, enable us to understand better the particular medieval way of thinking the world

Abstract:

Several studies have attempted to assess the effects of death anxiety upon personality and behavior. However, only recently has research on this topic begun to develop a larger theoretical context within which many behaviors and intrapsychic mechanisms can be explained. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that people's symbolic investments, such as religious beliefs and status, are inflated when an individual is faced with events which make their personal mortality salient. Theoretically this inflation would help them buffer their anxieties about death. Subjects were selected for participation on the basis of scores on measures of status concern and religiosity, and were assigned to a mortality salience treatment or control condition. Results suggest limited support for the hypothesis. Though all predictions were not confirmed, some intriguing findings are noted. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Abstract:

Rwanda is constrained by an export structure that is heavily dependent on one or a few agricultural export products such as coffee, tea , pyrethrum and cinchona. The country did not manage to industrialize or to diversify its export structure significantly during the post-independence period. The situation was worsened by the civil war of 1994, which almost destroyed all sectors of the economy. Traditional export crops, such as coffee, cotton, tea, cocoa, palm oil, and tobacco are all subject to large price fluctuations and declining world market prices. This paper considered the case for diversification into non-traditional agricultural exports as a strategy for improving a developing country's terms of trade. The study put forward a case of Higland Flowers Project
a flowers project located in rural Kigali about 5 kilometers to the Kigali International airport.

Abstract:

Magister Artium - MA
This mini-thesis is concerned with histories of flower selling in Cape Town. Since the late 19th century, images and imaginings of the flower sellers in Adderley Street and to a lesser degree in other areas of the city attained an outstanding place in visualisations and descriptions of Cape Town. The flower sellers were thereby characterised in a particularly gendered, racialised and class-specific way as predominantly female, coloured and poor. This characterisation dominated to an extent that it is possible to speak of a discursive figure of the 'Cape Town flower sellers'. In tourism-related media and in personal memoirs, the 'Cape Town flower sellers' often came to represent both the city and the inhabitants of Cape Town. The images and imaginings of the 'Cape Town flower sellers' can partly be traced back to representations of 'flower girls' in fictional stories, paintings, photographs and film in Europe, particularly in Great Britain. In Cape Town, this European discourse about flower selling developed in a specific way within colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid contexts.
South Africa

Abstract:

This study provides an examination of landscape perceptions, specifically geopiety or sacred landscape perceptions, at Mounds State Park. Through archival analysis I traced 2000 years of landscape perceptions at the park and found that geopiety has been an underlying influence in shaping perceptions. I further examine contemporary perceptions at Mounds state Park through participant observation and ethnographic interviewing and have determined that geopiety continues at the park in the form of nature-centered, historical/cultural and recreational perceptions. Finally, I examined the influence of modernity on geopiety and have determined that the level of geopiety is determined by the degree an individual is influenced by modernity. Modernity exists in varying degrees from traditional to progressive with the majority of individuals couched within the “inbetweeness” of modernity.
Department of Geography

Abstract:

The mechanisms that genes use to direct patterns of development are of fundamental interest. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, I have investigated aspects of these mechanisms in the separate processes of vascular and floral development. Specifically, I conducted a screen for vascular-defective mutants, and analyzed a region of the genome that regulates the expression of the floral homeotic gene, AGAMOUS ( AG).
In this report, I describe the identification of over forty mutants that are abnormal in tracheary element development or vein patterning. The spectrum of mutant phenotypes that I observed indicates that the mechanisms that pattern primary and secondary veins of leaves or cotyledons are at least partially separable; that among the genes that affect vascular development, a significant proportion are repressors of vascular differentiation; and that the majority of vascular mutants that can be identified in this type of screen have pleiotropic phenotypes.
I characterized two of the mutants, varicose ( vcs) and scarface (sfc), in more detail. vcs mutants are temperature sensitive, and at the non-permissive temperature, accumulate distended tracheary elements around veins. VCS is also required at an early stage of leaf development for normal vein patterning, and interacts with the AUXIN RESISTANT 1 gene in this process. sfc mutants fail to develop normal, contiguous vein networks in cotyledons, leaves, sepals, and petals. It is specifically the secondary and higher order veins in these organs that are affected by the mutation. sfc mutants have exaggerated responses to exogenous auxin, and the SFC gene overlaps in primary and secondary vein patterning functions with an auxin-response factor gene MONOPTEROUS.
This report also includes an analysis of the cis-regulatory regions that control expression of AGAMOUS, a gene that when properly expressed in two central domains of the developing flower, directs the formation of carpels and stamens. My dissection of an AG intragenic region demonstrated that AG expression in stamens can be activated independently of carpels. Moreover, the stamen-specific expression pattern was found to be independent of APETALA2, a known negative regulator of AG, while the carpel-specific expression pattern was shown to be independent of LEUNIG, another negative regulator of AG.

Abstract:

The ancient Zapotec city of Monte Albán, occupied from approximately 500 BC to 850 AD, was prehispanic Oaxaca´s largest and most important urban centre. The zooarchaeological material considered in the study dates from the Late Preclassic (400 BC-200 AD) and Early Classic (200-500 AD) periods, when growth and consolidation of Monte Albán took place. The main topic is related to the subsistence, which allowed the survival of the elite. Other uses of the taxa apart from food were also taken into account such as ritual, symbolic and functional ones. The faunal remains were found in association both with elite households, and with some public spaces near the Main Plaza. The study showed that animals were used in different activities within private and public spaces of the elite, including food processing, consumption and discarding. Some other taxa were also appreciated for their symbolic meaning and functioned as status symbols. According to the identification of the faunal bones not only domestic species such as dog and turkey were part of the diet, but wild animals were also represented by white-tailed deer, peccary and lagomorphs. Occasionally, species including fish and turtles were obtained from the rivers near Monte Albán. Faunal assemblages were probably the product of both daily activities and feasts. Subsistence patterns were detected during different periods of time and areas. The diet of Monte Albán inhabitants was discussed and compared to evidence from contemporary elite societies in the Valley of Oaxaca and Mesoamerica, such as the Mayas and Teotihuacanos.

Abstract:

This study examines Hawthorne's use of symbols, particularly flowers, in The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. Romantic ideals stressed the full development of the self¬reliant individual, and romantic writers such as Hawthorne believed the individual would fully develop not only spiritually, but also intellectually by taking instruction from the natural world. Hawthorne's heroines reach their full potential as independent women in two steps: they first work together to defeat powerful patriarchies, and they then learn to read natural symbols to cultivate their artistic sensibilities which lead them to a full development of their intellect and spirituality. The focus of this study is Hawthorne's narrative strategy; how the author uses symbols as a language his heroines use to communicate from one generation to the next. In The Scarlet Letter, for instance, the symbol of a rose connects three generations of feminine reformers, Ann Hutchinson, Hester Prynne, and Pearl. By the end of the novel, Pearl interprets a rose as a symbol of her maternal line, which links her back to Ann Hutchinson. Similarly in The House of the Seven Gables Alice, Hepzibah, and Phoebe Pyncheon are part of a family line of women who work together to overthrow the Pyncheon patriarchy. The youngest heroine, Phoebe, comes to an understanding of her great, great aunt Alice's message from the posies her feminine ancestor plants in the Pyncheon garden. Through Phoebe's interpretation of the flowers, she deciphers how the cultivation of a sense of artistic appreciation is essential to the progress of American culture.

Abstract:

The survival of organizations is dependent upon their legitimacy since legitimacy provides them with access to valuable resources. Organizations do not possess legitimacy, but rather it is ascribed to them by the society they are in when their actions meet societal expectations. Fulfillment of these societal expectations requires the moral and practical obligations of organizations which we call Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). To show their CSR performance, organizations have increasingly adopted the practice of CSR reporting. In CSR reporting, organizations are expected by their stakeholders to disclose both positive and negative aspects. Although disclosing negative aspects can pose a threat to organization’s legitimacy, a third party reporting them may cause more severe damages to the legitimacy of the organization. Therefore, organizations are motivated to legitimize their negative aspects by using legitimation strategies. Using the typology of Coombs and Holladay (1996), in combination with the legitimation strategies by Hahn and Lülfs (2014) as our frameworks, and the non-financial reports of the top ten German chemical companies as our illustrative cases, we investigate and interpret the choice of legitimation strategies used by organizations to report different types of negative aspects in CSR reports. Our findings show that there is a clear pattern in the use of corrective action as a legitimation strategy for all types of negative aspects. Furthermore, we identified instances, where a new type of legitimation strategy, which we called shifting blame legitimation strategy was used. We interpreted our findings using analytical reasoning and theoretical framework such as the concept of symbolic and substantive approach to interpret our findings. Based on the findings, we concluded that the dominant pattern identified falls under the substantive approach, theoretically known for helping companies retain their legitimacy.

Abstract:

The thesis investigates how the designs woven in Andean textiles make up a symbolic language which both communicates information about those who wear them and demonstrates their desire to balance the opposing forces which are believed to govern their world. All textile elements share this communicative function and the thesis examines the significance of spin, colour and layout in the textile as a whole and in the individual designs. Textile terminology is drawn from fieldwork, the literature and from early Aymara and Quechua lexicons. The contemporary designs examined were personally observed in Bolivar in 1982/3 and 1986; the thesis suggests their derivation from colonial designs and discusses their possible iconographic content. Part one shows the significance of clothing as a statement of identity and describes briefly the weaving techniques and figures typical of the Bolivar area. Part two shows how cloth is seen as a vital, three-dimensional object and how in weaving as in the other plastic arts designs are encoded with abstract concepts fundamental to the traditions of a social group. Part three examines how certain colour combinations represent social, political or cosmic tensions and how their arrangement attempts to manipulate and control the energy generated by them. In particular it investigates how colour represents the circulation of suerte, or fortune, many of the names of which are also terms for colour combinations similar to those used in textiles. It also shows how specific elements such as stripes and figured designs act as metaphors through which the textile becomes a map or record of social, ritual and cosmic space.

Abstract:

Identity is an important determinant of behavior. This paper proposed an identity model as one way of understanding those factors related to the perceived probability or willingness of a worker to participate in health promotion programming at the worksite. Part of a larger study on employee wellness, this study took place in the municipal complex of a small city in the southeastern United States. A stratified cross sectional sample of 150 employees was selected utilizing a systematic random sampling methodology. Structured interviews were conducted with 129 participants resulting in a response rate of 92% after adjusting for those people no longer employed by the city. In order to test the identity model developed by this author, descriptive analysis, simple multiple regression analysis and path analysis were utilized. The dependent variable, perceived willingness to participate in health promotion programming, was examined in relationship to commitment to one's health identity, commitment to one's organizational identity, tendency to comply with health initiatives, and the forms of supervisory power utilized to enact employee compliance. The descriptive analysis revealed that subjective health status is moderately and positively associated with commitment to one's health identity, that individuals can be strongly committed to a negative/destructive health identity, and that both the family and physician play important roles as health advice givers. The path analysis revealed that commitment to one's organizational identity, commitment to one's health identity, and tendency to comply with health initiatives are significantly and positively associated with willingness to participate in health promotion programming, accounting for 25% of the variance in the dependent variable. In contrast, the forms of supervisory power were not shown to be related to the dependent variable. In conclusion, the identity model appears to be a useful tool for the understanding of health attitudes and behaviors within a work setting.

Abstract:

In contemporary Taiwan, Mandarin language proficiency and literacy in Han characters are not only key skills needed for success in academic institutions and employment markets, but they also carry meaning as symbolic markers of national and supranational Chinese identity. This study examines how Taiwanese-language medical studies curriculum planners are promoting alternative linguistic practices as a means of resisting the influence of Chinese nationalism in Taiwan and striving to replace it with a rival Taiwanese nationalism. I conducted research for this study during the 2010-2011 school year in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. I collected data for this study by engaging in participant observation research at Taiwanese-language curriculum-editing meetings; auditing Taiwanese-language courses at Kaohsiung Medical University; and conducting interviews with both curriculum planners and students at KMU. The role of official languages, literacy, and historical narratives are examined as symbolic components of a Chinese nationalist hegemony, which was constructed through the policies of the Kuomintang's Republic of China administration in post-war Taiwan. This study also examines the relationship between occupation, language skills, and national identification in the context of the contemporary Greater China regional economy. The curriculum planners who are the subjects of this study are employed in the field of medical care, where Taiwanese language skills are valued resources for communicating with patients from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, medical doctors have historically been vocal opponents of the Kuomintang administration's pro-Chinese nationalist policies. Therefore, this case study illustrates how the curriculum planners' occupations and language practices are utilized as resources in their efforts to foster Taiwanese autonomy in the Greater China region. This study also examines current limits to the effectiveness of language preservation and revitalization policies in Taiwan due to the importance of Mandarin-language literacy in the majority of high-status occupations in Greater China and to changing conceptions of the relationship between language practice and national identity. This study contributes to the fields of linguistic anthropology and Asian studies by examining relationships between nationalism, employment, language practice, and literacy in the context of Taiwan's ambiguous status as a national entity. It also analyzes ways in which language practices and literacy forms are created and modified as strategic acts to both identify people with competing nationalisms and allow them access to employment opportunities in the context of shifting administrative and economic power structures in the Greater China region.

Abstract:

Previous research on healing in Ireland has primarily been the concern of folklorists. Based on interviews with a variety of healers, this thesis broadens our understanding of healing in Ireland by considering the socio-political context within which healing beliefs and practices occur. Theory from the anthropology of the body and the critical interpretive approach within medical anthropology provide means for exploring how the body is used as a symbol to express anxiety about social change in Ireland and how individual bodies are socialized and regulated within an economy of power. Prevailing views of the correct "Irish body" are shown to be important elements of Irish identity, especially vis-a-vis the outside world. By drawing attention to the significance of key themes of healing within contemporary Irish society, this thesis suggests that "Irishness" is inscribed in the body in healing.

Abstract:

Creativity, for Wallace Stevens, depends on connections to the natural world which can be examined through garden imagery. Chapters one and two focus on Stevens' private writing, identifying the range of garden environments and natural expanses to which he responded and associating these responses with his aesthetic sensibilities. Continental and Adamic traditions in garden imagery are explored as are contemporary practices in conservation and horticulture. Chapter three concentrates on poems which treat the garden as a locus amoenus of repose and delight where a poet can engage his imaginative faculties with sensual reality. Chapter four analyzes poems whose garden imagery elucidates Stevens' attempts to confront social and political as well as aesthetic issues. Chapters five and six examine Stevens' consideration of the garden as a hortus mentis, emblematic of creative experience, where Stevens assesses the relation of expression to environment and celebrates life lived "in the word of it."

Abstract:

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A análise do figurino no cinema brasileiro parte da construção do personagem no imaginário da figura do sertanejo na visualidade discursiva da obra cinematográfica a qual foi derivada da matriz literária. Tal análise tem a intenção de investigar até que ponto o figurino reconstrói o personagem no cinema, uma vez que o traje que veste (ou desnuda) o personagem literário e o cinematográfico faz parte dos signos simbólicos no sistema de comunicação. O figurino no cinema é entendido como um dos elementos primordiais para se construir a identidade dos personagens no que diz respeito à expressão da sexualidade, a identificação com uma classe social ou mesmo com o poder. Este enfoque pressupõe também refletir a visão da função da vestimenta face ao figurino do personagem do cinema e em relação à conjuntura da época em que os filmes foram exibidos. Pretende-se, então, analisar as seguintes transposições para a linguagem do cinema: o filme de Nelson Pereira dos Santos (1963), a partir do livro homônimo Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos (1938), o filme Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), de Glauber Rocha, inspirado nas obras Grande Sertão: Veredas, de Guimarães Rosa e Os Sertões (1902), de Euclides da Cunha, e por último, a análise dos figurinos do filme Guerra de Canudos (1997), de Sérgio Rezende baseado na obra literária de Os Sertões, que inspirou o roteiro do filme. Os recortes foram feitos de maneira a possibilitar a análise da concepção estética dos três cineastas dos filmes elencados, por meio do figurino, considerando o sentido narrativo literário.
The analysis of costumes in Brazilian cinema comes from the construction of the character in the imaginary “country person” figure in the discursive visuality of cinema which was derived from the literary origin. This analysis is intended to investigate to what extent the costumes reconstruct the character in the movies, since the costume that wears (or bares) the literary and cinematographic character is part of the symbolic’s signs in the communication system. The movie’s costumes are understood as one of the key elements to build the identity of the characters concerning the expression of sexuality, identification with a social class or even with power. This approach also assumes to reflect the function of the garment over the movie character's costumes and in relation to the circ*mstances of the time period the movies were shown. It is intended, then, to analyze the following transpositions to the language of cinema: film by Nelson Pereira dos Santos (1963), from the eponymous book Vidas Secas, by Graciliano Ramos (1938), the film Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), by Glauber Rocha, inspired from the books Grande Sertão: Veredas, by Guimarães Rosa, and Os Sertões (1902), by Euclides da Cunha, and finally, the analysis of the film’s costumes from Guerra de Canudos (1997), by Sérgio Rezende in relation to the literary work Os Sertões, which the movie was based off. The cutouts were made in order to enable the analysis of the aesthetic design of the three directors of the listed films by means of the wardrobe, considering the literary narrative sense.
El presente trabajo realiza un análisis comparativo entre las estrategias políticas elaboradas por dos partidos comunistas latinoamericanos, el Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) y el Partido Comunista de Chile (PCCh). Ambos nacidos en 1922, los partidos comunistas de Brasil y de Chile, a lo largo dei sigla XX, ejercieron un importante papel en los debates de izquierda en sus países. La comparación entre esas izquierdas tiene como objetivo rescatar, mientras objeto de estudio y reflexión, elaboraciones teóricas y líneas de actuación que buscaban alcanzar el poder de manera distinta de aquello que, a partir de 1959, debido ai impacto de la Revolución Cubana, quedaría consagrado como el "modelo revolucionaria" a ser adaptado en toda América. La enorme influencia de la Revolución Cubana en el conjunto de las organizaciones de izquierda en Latinoamérica acabaría por ocultar la existencia de otras formulaciones y propuestas de acceso ai poder por parte de la izquierda latinoamericana, que estaban en curso antes de su eclosión y que permanecieron en las décadas posteriores. Además, el ejercicio comparativo aquí pretendido parte de la suposición de que hubo una inversión en los caminos estratégicos de estos dos partidos. Teniendo como principal referencia el afio de 1958, el análisis alrededor de las estratégicas políticas de estas dos Partidos ilustra los distintos posicionamientos acerca de los procesos de modernización en curso en Brasil y en Chile. De este modo, mientras el PCB dio inicio a una transformación en su cultura política, pasando a legitimar la relación entre desarrollo capitalista y democratización social, el PCCh juntamente con otros partidos de la izquierda chilena, elaboró un proyecto político que tenía como objetivo la hegemonía en la conducción de un proyecto socialista de sociedad. AI final de los afios 1970 y a lo largo de los afios 1980, cuando el Movimiento Comunista Internacional se deterioraba, los sentidos de estas estrategias definieron el papel de cada Partido en los procesos de redemocratización en Brasil y en Chile.
FAPESP: 2012/25481-9

Abstract:

Deja present dans les fresques de l'antiquite ou les enluminures du moyen-age, l'art floral trouve son apogee et son autonomie dans la peinture du xviie siecle. Si le spectateur d'aujourd'hui retient avant tout de ces tableaux la seduction decorative, la richesse de coloris ou la facture minutieuse, il ne doit pas ignorer que les fleurs qui y sont representees constituaient, au-dela de leur fonction ornementale, le vecteur de sens multiples. Dans les ecoles francaise, italienne ou nordique de cette epoque, les artistes ont recueilli et combine un heritage de sens particulierement foisonnant : plus que dans les filiations esthetiques, c'est dans les spheres d'influence religieuse ou philosophique qu'il convient de rechercher la signification multiforme de ces tableaux. Ainsi la tradition chretienne, la vision protestante du monde, comme les sources mythologiques de l'antiquite ou la science botanique naissante, se combinent a des degres divers a la fonction decorative, se juxtaposent ou se fondent, pour charger les fleurs d'une infinite de significations. Guirlandes glorifiant une scene religieuse ou un personnage de haut rang, bouquets ou fleurs isolees incarnant les vertus des saints et de la vierge marie, symbolisant la fragilite de la vie humaine ou des choix moraux proposes a l'homme, temoignages de la beaute de la creation divine, metaphores des saisons ou des cinq sens, recits de metamorphoses mythologiques. Fruits et insectes, a leur tour charges de significations, viennent souvent renforcer l'interpretation symbolique du tableau.

Abstract:

Orientador: Maria Viviane do Amaral Veras
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre tradução e sobre o trabalho de escuta do tradutor por meio da elaboração de uma tradução de Flowers for Algernon (1966), romance de ficção científica, escrito pelo estadunidense Daniel Keyes. Uma das hipóteses deste trabalho é a de que a escuta do outro e de si mesmo em cada língua mobiliza, de certa forma, um tipo de ética da tradução. O livro conta a história de Charlie Gordon, um homem com deficiência intelectual que se submete a um experimento científico, uma cirurgia para elevar seu quociente de inteligência (QI). A narrativa em primeira pessoa é caracterizada por aspectos textuais de uma pessoa com dificuldades de escrita da língua inglesa e que apresenta mudanças gradativas na qualidade dessa escrita à medida que o experimento surte o efeito esperado. No romance de Keyes, interessa-nos a exigência da voz do tradutor, uma prova que passa pela literatura, mas que pede outro tipo de criação que não aquela que tradicionalmente reconhecemos como artística. Diante dessa prova de tradução, surgem indagações como: de que maneira traduzir esses "escritos" de Charlie? Como lidar com as dificuldades de escrita de uma língua em outra? Essas perguntas fazem-nos refletir sobre o erro e o preconceito linguísticos, o sentido, a carga, o fardo de termos que hoje são considerados pejorativos, mas transportados de um tempo em que a linguagem não era tão monitorada e o preconceito era naturalizado. Tudo isso leva a uma reflexão sobre ética em tradução: que ética pode conduzir uma tradução de Flowers for Algernon? Na impossibilidade de defini-la no ponto de partida da tradução, tal ética só poderá ser pensada na zona fronteiriça entre o traduzível e o intraduzível, assim como entre o dizível e o indizível, durante a tradução e ao final dela, de tal modo que só terá sido mostrada ao final do trabalho
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to contemplate translation and the work of translator's act of listening by means of translating Flowers for Algernon (1966), a science fiction novel written by Daniel Keyes. One assumption made in this paper is that the act of listening to oneself and the other necessitates thinking about translation ethics. Flowers for Algernon is a novel about Charlie Gordon, a mentally disabled man who is the subject of a scientific experimental surgery designed to raise his intelligence quotient (IQ). The first-person narrative employs textual characteristics of a person with writing difficulties, which gradually diminish as the experiment begins to take effect. In the translation of Keyes's novel, the demand of the translator's voice is of primary interest, as it requires a kind of creation other than that which is considered artistic. Through this experience, the following questions are raised: how can one translate Charlie's "writing"? How should a translator manage writing problems from one language in another? These questions lead to thinking about linguistic mistakes and prejudice, and the sense, charge, and burden of words that are considered disparaging nowadays, but are to be transported from a time in which language was less monitored and prejudice was commonplace. All of this calls upon an ethical reflection in translation. Which ethics should be considered in translating Flowers for Algernon? If answering this question at the start of translation is impossible, such ethics can only be thought in the borderlands between the translatable and untranslatable, the speakable and unspeakable, and during the translation and upon its completion, which will be explored at the end of this paper
Mestrado
Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Abstract:

This study aimed at describing and interpreting the changing symbolic meanings of the Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS) which encountering a Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)-positive patient introduced into the personal and professional identities of six health care professionals in a subregion of the Eastern Cape. With the exponential increase of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, medical practitioners have become increasingly exposed to HIV infected patients. This study has considered the psychological structures developed by practitioners in an attempt to control and understand their situation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In order to describe these psychological structures the existential phenomenological approaches of L. Binswanger (in Needleman, 1963), A. Giorgi (1975) and F.J.Wertz (1985) were employed. Through these procedures, the structure of the experience of encountering an HIV infected patient was elucidated. This comprised the first goal of this study. The second goal focused on interpreting these descriptions by way of the symbolic meanings and definitions implicit in the structure of this experience. For this latter purpose the approach of symbo1ic interactionism was used, in particu1ar the understandings outlined by H. Blumer (1969). This theory was seen as appropriate in that the encounter between the practitioner and patient was primarily located in interpersonal parameters. The findings were discussed in terms of the two dominant metaphorical frameworks used by the subjects to comprehend the disease - namely the perspectives of society and the biomedical model. These two frameworks were critically evaluated in the context of HIV/AIDS, the needs of HIV infected individuals as well as the needs of the general practitioner. The process of the encounter was found to be very significant for practitioners in terms of their conceptualisations of HIV/AIDS. Old understandings were reinterpreted within the interpersonal context and replaced with more appropriate symbolic metaphors upon which to base practise. This study has revealed these new understandings were limited and constrained with regard to understanding and treating HIV/AIDS in that the subjects were still influenced by the metaphors of the biomedical model. These constraints were examined in the light of both personal and professional meanings and identities. This study concluded by making suggestions for modification of the medical practitioner's role in the context of HIV/AIDS.

Abstract:

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-30T11:56:10ZNo. of bitstreams: 1Vanessa Vilela Berbel.pdf: 1441607 bytes, checksum: 303f1248102f3db1d5cff112c167b438 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T11:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1Vanessa Vilela Berbel.pdf: 1441607 bytes, checksum: 303f1248102f3db1d5cff112c167b438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study propose to contribute with the discussion about the description of the meaning ofsocial communications, in the way as proposed by Niklas Luhmann, from the identification ofa spatial dimension of meaning, alongside the objective, social and temporal dimensionsalready diagnosed by the author.It uses, therefore, intersection of Harisson C. White, Ignácio Farías e Hugo Cadenãs’sanalyzes to formulate the concept of "plural worlds," understood as intermediate levelsbetween interactions and social systems, arising from the performation of commonsociomaterial elements, narratives, styles, and values.Luhmann did not consider the formation of 'groups' within his scheme of social differentiationplans, highlighting only interactions, organizations and society, and including, only belatedly,protest movements. Likewise, in dealing with the theme of 'culture' he considered it as toobroad a theme, unfeasible to social observation.However, this study sustain that in reformulating the concept of culture, it becomes possibleto observe other plans of social differentiation that interact with the functional systems, bydemarcating 'communication zones' that act in the formation of the systemic choice.Although they are not functional systems, the "plural worlds" formed by the culturaldistinction share important characteristics of other social systems, such as the structuring a“medium of symbolic generalization” capable of enhancing the chances of success ofsystemic communications by reinforcing the form side familiar for the communication thatresembles the same pattern of senses they select.It is understood, therefore, that the "plural worlds" formed by culture and social systems areconnected by particular communicative contexts that activate immunizing forms of episodicsystemic crises arising from the cognitive closure by the compulsive reproduction of previouspositive feedbacks.Specifically regarding the legal system, the "plural worlds" allow the balance betweenstability and instability, change and conservation; and more, by giving rise to the metacode ofculture, allow the interpenetration between functional systems and psychic systems
Este trabalho busca contribuir com a discussão a respeito da descrição do sentido dascomunicações sociais, proposto por Niklas Luhmann, a partir da identificação de umadimensão espacial de sentido, ao lado das dimensões objetiva, social e temporal jádiagnosticadas pelo autor. Vale-se, para tanto, da interseção das análises de Harisson C.White, Ignácio Farías e Hugo Cadenãs para formular o conceito de “mundos plurais”,entendidos como níveis intermediários entre as interações e os sistemas sociais, que surgemem razão da performação de elementos sociomateriais, narrativas, estilos e valores comuns.Luhmann não considerou a formação de ‘grupos’ dentro de seu esquema de planos dediferenciação social, destacando somente as interações, organizações e sociedade, e incluindo,apenas tardiamente, os movimentos de protesto. Do mesmo modo, ao tratar da ‘cultura’considerou-o como um tema demasiado amplo, inviável à observação social.Contudo, acredita-se que, ao se reformular o conceito de cultura, é possível observar outrosplanos de diferenciação social que interagem com os sistemas funcionais, ao demarcarem‘zonas de comunicação’ que atuam na formação das escolhas sistêmicas. Apesar de não seremsistemas funcionais, os “mundos plurais” formados pela distinção cultural compartilhamimportantes características de outros sistemas sociais, como a estruturação de um meiopróprio de generalização simbólica capaz de potencializar as chances de êxito dascomunicações sistêmicas ao reforçar o lado da forma familiar para as comunicações queespelhem o mesmo padrão de sentidos por eles selecionados.Entende-se, assim, que os “mundos plurais” formados pela cultura e os sistemas sociaisencontram-se conectados por contextos comunicativos particulares que ativam formasimunizantes de crises sistêmicas episódicas decorrentes da clausura cognitiva pela reproduçãocompulsiva de feedbacks positivos anteriores.Especificamente quanto ao sistema jurídico, os “mundos plurais” permitem o equilíbrio entreestabilidade e instabilidade, mudança e conservação; e mais, por darem origem ao metacódigoda cultura, permitem a interpenetração entre as sistemas funcionais e sistemas psíquicos aochamar as consciências à aceitação de suas ofertas comunicativas

Abstract:

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T12:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1Valéria C. Aprobato.pdf: 7448032 bytes, checksum: 95a59b3b1aae952911a6429fdeb4533e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-29
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
What are the discourses on digital social networks that circulate around the themes of the search for the perfect body and eternal youth? In the context of the numerous publications on beauty, health and good shape present in cyberspace (Leão), this thesis is based on the hypothesis that there is a complex social imaginary being built in the networks and that it is possible to map the affections, practices and the logics that compose this imaginary. The research method involved: theoretical research (reading of texts and bibliographical review of the literature); empirical research composed by: (1) analysis of speeches present in celebrity networks; (2) questionnaires and interviews with followers of selected social networks; (3) cartography. The chosen corpus consists of "Instagram" pages by Jane Fonda, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bela Gil, Bella Falconi and Kéfera. The theoretical foundation is composed by Foucault (discourses of power, biopolitics and subjectivity); Leão (network culture, mitoanalysis and cartography as a method for researching media imagery); Spinoza (affections); Flusser and Proser (cultural studies on the notions of gluttony and vanity). As results achieved, we could verify that the desire’s discourses for perfect body and eternal youth shelter three mythical matrices of collective construction of subjectivities (heroic, transgressive and transformative). Thus, we understand that the present thesis is a contribution to the studies of the media imaginaries that populate the networks’ discourses about perfect body and eternal youth and that the use of the discourse mapping method was productive for the construction of an understanding of these complex subjectivities
Quais são os discursos nas redes sociais digitais que circulam em torno dos temas da busca do corpo perfeito e da eterna juventude? No contexto das inúmeras publicações sobre beleza, saúde e boa forma presentes no ciberespaço (Leão), a presente tese de doutorado parte da hipótese de que existe imaginário social complexo sendo construído nas redes e que é possível realizar uma cartografia dos afetos, das práticas e das lógicas que compõem esse imaginário. O método de pesquisa envolveu: pesquisa teórica (leitura de textos e revisão bibliográfica da literatura); pesquisa empírica composta por: (1) análise de discursos presentes nas redes de celebridades; (2) questionários e entrevistas com seguidores das redes sociais selecionadas; (3) cartografia. O corpus escolhido é composto por páginas do Instagram de Jane Fonda, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bela Gil, Bella Falconi e Kéfera. A fundamentação teórica é composta por Foucault (discursos de poder, biopolítica e subjetividade); Leão (cultura das redes, mitoanálise e cartografia como método de pesquisa de imaginários midiáticos); Spinoza (afetos); Flusser e Proser (estudos culturais acerca das noções de gula e vaidade). Como resultados alcançados, pudemos verificar que os discursos de desejos de um corpo perfeito e eterna juventude abrigam três matrizes míticas de construção coletiva de subjetividades (heroica, transgressora e transformativa). Assim, compreendemos que a presente tese é uma contribuição para os estudos dos imaginários midiáticos que povoam os discursos sobre corpo perfeito e eterna juventude nas redes e que a utilização do método da cartografia de discursos foi produtiva para a construção de um entendimento dessas complexas subjetividades

Abstract:

This thesis is the first sustained analysis of the relationship between Elizabethan theatre and the judicial practice of burning at the stake. Focusing on a five-year window of theatrical output (1587-1592), it argues that polemical literary presentations of burning are the key to understanding the stage's negotiation of this most particular form of judicial violence. Unlike other forms of penal violence, burning at the stake was not staged, and only fourteen incidences of the punishment are recorded in Elizabethan England. Its strong literary presence in Protestant historiography is therefore central to this study. Part I explores the tragic and overtly theatrical rhetoric that the widely available Acts and Monuments built around the burning of heretics in the reformation, and argues that the narrative of this drama of injustice intervened in the development of judicial semiotics over the late-sixteenth century. By the time that Tamburlaine was first performed, burning at the stake was a pressing polemical issue, and it haunts early commercial theatre. Elizabethan historiography of the stake was deeply influential in Elizabethan theatre. In Part II, I argue that Marlovian fire spectacles evoke tableaux from the Acts and Monuments to encourage partisan spectatorship, informed by the rhetoric of martyrdom. Dido's self-immolation courts this rhetoric by dismissing the sword from her death, while Tamburlaine's book burning is condemned through its emphatically papist undertones. These plays court the stake through spectacles utilizing its rhetoric. In Part III, I show that characters historically destined to face the stake required thorough criminalization to justify their sentence. Alice Arden is distinguished from female martyrs celebrated for their domestic defiance, while Jeanne d'Arc's historical heresy is forcefully rewritten as witchcraft and whor*dom to condemn 1 Henry VI's Joan la Pucelle. Both women are punished offstage, and the plays focus instead on the necessary task of justifying the sentence of burning. Though rare in practice, burning at the stake was a polemical issue in Elizabethan England. Despite the stake's lack of imitation in the theatre, I argue that widely available Protestant historiography - propaganda at the heart of debates about burning and religious violence - affected both how plays were written, and how they could be viewed.

Abstract:

Abordo, nesta tese, a rotina de trabalho das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, buscando refletir como a noção de abjeção se expressa na vida destas pessoas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo inspirada na etnografia. Esta vivência ocorreu em uma associação de catadoras/es na região metropolitana de Curitiba, além de abarcar experiências em eventos referentes ao mundo da catação que contaram com a participação do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Parti de uma compreensão de que o trabalho das/os catadoras/es tem sido uma atividade plenamente vinculada à estrutura do sistema capitalista. A prática da produção e do intenso consumo gera uma volumosa quantidade de materiais descartados, condição básica para a existência do trabalho de catação na sua atual configuração. Além disso, a profissão de catadora/r tem sido exercida, de maneira geral, em condições precárias e indignas, o que permanece como uma característica de vários outros trabalhos no sistema capitalista. Os dados de campo se mostraram férteis para a reflexão sobre as relações entre as condições precárias deste trabalho e a incidência da abjeção na vida das/os catadoras/es, sobretudo pelo fato de trabalharem com o lixo. Relativizo as noções de bagunça e de sujeira – historicamente construídas – pois as percebo como componentes encharcados de uma moralidade que contribui intensamente para que as/os catadoras/es sejam classificadas/os como corpos abjetos. São analisadas, também, algumas marcas de abjeção presentes nas relações internas entre catadoras/es e outras instituições. Nesta análise, são apresentados alguns desafios de se instituir um projeto de trabalho cooperativo e guiado pela autogestão, como proposto no estatuto da associação pesquisada e os princípios do MNCR. A instalação de um artefato tecnológico na associação – uma esteira motorizada – estimulou reflexões sobre a introdução de discursos e práticas permeados pelo controle e disciplinarização das/os trabalhadoras/es. Aponta-se, ainda, que existe uma carência de um processo de formação que venha a estimular um entendimento mais claro sobre os modelos de trabalho solidário e cooperativo. Outro aspecto significativo figura-se na grande quantidade de mulheres que assumem esta profissão, existindo uma probabilidade de ser maioria. As histórias de vida narradas por várias catadoras demonstraram marcas de violências, acompanhadas pela expressão de terem se sentido “como lixo”. O estudo permitiu concluir que ser catadora/r de materiais recicláveis tem significado conviver com a realidade de existência como um corpo que causa abjeção. Reconhecer que existe uma concepção a respeito das/os catadoras/es que as/os enquadra como corpos abjetos, que opera preconceitos, discriminações, medos e violências, pode significar uma possibilidade de se rever esta percepção.
In this thesis, I depict the work routine of the recyclable material collectors, seeking the realization of how the notion of abjection is expressed in the life of these people. As such, a field research was conducted inspired in ethnography. This practice took place in an association of recyclable material collectors in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, besides incorporating experiences in events related to the world of garbage collection, with the participation of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors (in Portuguese, MNCR). I assumed that the work of recyclable material collectors has been an activity that is utterly associated with the capitalist system. The exercise of production and heavy consumption generates a vast quantity of disposed material, which is the basic condition for the existence of the work related to garbage collection in its current setting. Besides, the occupation of garbage collector has been executed, generally, in precarious and inhuman conditions, as it is characteristic of many other work environments in the capitalist system. The field data reveals to be a rich source for reflection upon the relationship between these precarious working conditions, and the incidence of abjection in the lives of recyclable material collectors, mainly because they work with garbage. The notion of chaos and filth when historically built is put into perspective when I perceived them as components soaked in morality, which intensely contributes to the garbage collector to be classified as abject bodies. It is noted that some signs of abjections are present in internal relationship between the collectors and other institutions. Furthermore, some challenges are raised in this analysis, so as to work towards a collaborative project guided by self-management, as proposed by the association of recyclable material collectors’ statute, and in the principles of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors. The installation of a technological artifact – a rolling conveyor system - at the association, stimulated the observations about the introduction of discourses and practices, permeated by the control and discipline of the recyclable material collectors’ work. It is also noted that there is a need of a formation process, which stimulates a clear understanding about the models of a solidary and collective labor. Another significant aspect on this research is in the great number of women who become workers in the field, with a probability to represent the majority of the recyclable material collectors in that region. The life stories, told by the female recyclable material collectors, often involve acts of violence and abuse, followed by the manifestation of feeling “like garbage”. This study allows me to conclude that, being a recyclable material collector implies to live with the reality of existing in a body that causes abjection. The fact that we realize that there is bias around the recyclable material collectors, which frames them as abject bodies, and consequently leads to prejudice and discrimination, fear and violence, may indicate that there is a possibility to change this perception.

Abstract:

The electric utility companies that own and/or operate the nation’s 112 licensed commercial nuclear power reactors are required by federal law to provide emergency information to residents living around those plants in advance of a nuclear plant emergency. This requires the owner/operators to acknowledge certain risks (e.g., radiation, nuclear plant accidents, evacuation, etc.) that face people living near nuclear generating plants. This dissertation critiques the effectiveness of pre-emergency risk communication strategies by nuclear utilities. Specifically, the dissertation demonstrates that certain historic message themes about nuclear power- termed the "nuclear ethic" -have become embedded in the rhetoric of current nuclear risk communication programs and downplay or mask the seriousness of nuclear plant emergencies, thereby contributing to the apparent ineffectiveness of these communication programs. For example, a survey of residents living around four nuclear plants who receive utility risk communication materials found that nearly two-thirds said they would not follow official instructions in a nuclear plant emergency. Such promotional rhetoric and images remain a part of nuclear risk communication programs because agencies which regulate nuclear power delegate their responsibility for pre-emergency risk communication to the utilities operating the plants. Moreover, there is little involvement in pre-emergency nuclear risk communication by state and local governments. This suggests that risk communication serves a latent symbolic role rather than a functional role for both the regulatory agencies and the utilities by making both groups appear to be isomorphic with societal goals of safety and security for a risky technology. The dissertation concludes by suggesting federal regulatory agencies, and specifically the Federal Emergency Management Agency, intensify their vigilance of risk communication planning and take steps to create authentic two-way communication between the nuclear utilities and the public living near the plants. One way this could be done is by establishing local citizens advisory committees to assess utility risk communication programs and suggest improvements that would help bridge the gap between the nuclear industry’s view of nuclear plant risk and that of the public.
Ph. D.

Abstract:

This thesis covers the background and history of cultural attitudes towards body art, scarification and tattoos, the history of street gangs and their influence and impact on Southern California communities, and an in-depth program analysis of the "Gang Tattoo Removal Program" established at the Arrowhead Regional Medical Center (ARMC).

Abstract:

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Este é um trabalho sobre as concepções de corpo na Associação BlocoCarnavalesco Ilê Aiyê e tem como proposta central discutir como o corpo élevado a contribuir para a afirmação da entidade. O caminho percorrido envolveum estudo de caso por meio de uma pesquisa do tempo presente que visatambém levantar dados históricos sobre a construção do Ilê Aiyê e as formaspor meio das quais esta entidade adquiriu tanta importância para os debatesmais atuais sobre a problemática social e cultural na maior diáspora negra daAmérica Latina, a cidade do Salvador. Para levantar os dados entram em focoa história do Ilê Aiyê e as práticas pedagógicas da Escola Mãe Hilda e daEscola Banda Erê. O objetivo foi desvelar que corpo é este que, encaixado emuma base de ancestralidade, move-se em direção a cultura, a educação e aosocial, fazendo acontecer a diferença por via do lazer e das ações educativas.Trata-se de uma leitura do Ilê Aiyê e de seus compromissos herdados da lutado movimento negro ao longo dos tempos, tendo o corpo como elementocentral e estratégico por via de práticas pedagógicas e compromissoshistóricos do Bloco.

Abstract:

In northwest Australia a range of corroborees incorporate the use of masks.These and other performance objects connect bodies to country, culturalknowledge and ancestors. They also reaffirm the political status of people intheir country.My thesis is in two parts: making a digital video (DV) about the way thesemasks come into being and how they are used; and this written thesisanalysing the groundwork process involved in making the DV. The Ngarinyin,Narinyman and Worla people of northwest Australia are peoples with whom Ihave concentrated my research and video documentation concerning theanimation of Wunggurr (Rainbow Serpent) and Ngarranggarni, thecosmological entirety, through performance. Masking in these corroborees isa process of manifestation when the boundary between the body of aperformer and the landscape/cosmos/ancestor become one. Performanceselicit questions about relationships to country, cultural knowledge, and withthe dead. Do performances mean the same when performed away from theircountry of origin at national and international festivals? Are the conceptualcategories 'performance' and 'mask' sufficient to describe what is happeningin these circ*mstances? What are the implications for Performance Studies inlooking more deeply into these performances? It is through my growingunderstanding and representation of the contemporary circ*mstancessurrounding the people involved in the creation and preparation ofcorroborees, that this thesis explores.

Abstract:

Orientador: Heloisa Andre Pontes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A tese analisa os usos sociais e significados simbólicos presentes no uniforme de trabalho, adotado em uma grande siderúrgica, a Usiminas, sediada em Ipatinga (MG). Esse uniforme tem a particularidade de ser um dos maiores símbolos de prestígio na região, já que todos os funcionários o vestem, independentemente do nível hierárquico ou gênero (até mesmo o presidente da companhia o usa, sob a justificativa de se igualar a todos). Entretanto, a rígida hierarquia da empresa - herdada dos japoneses - aponta para diferenças (nos cargos, salários, diplomas e exercícios de poder). Assim, para apreender a eficácia simbólica do uniforme no contexto em que foi implantado e usado, a análise articula antropologia simbólica, cultura material e história social, recuperando o percurso histórico quanto à sua adoção nas fábricas brasileiras, bem como o contexto em que a Usiminas foi implantada, possibilitando consolidaruma elite local e hierarquizar as classes. No processo de disputas simbólicas no espaço urbano, o uniforme foi útil para moldar comportamentos e "civilizar" os operários. Entretanto, o controle que ele possibilita foi transformado em símbolo de status. Dentre as estratégias que favorecem essa transubstanciação simbólica, estão as performances do presidente como "um igual" e os rituais ricamente elaborados pela empresa. Em uma perspectiva relacional de gênero, a pesquisa aponta que a siderúrgica foi concebida como locus de homens. Apesar disso, a gradual participação feminina nesse espaço e o uso de um uniforme "masculinizado" - que a princípio visava o controle da sexualidade - conferiram novas oportunidades às mulheres que chegaram a ocupar postos de comando na hierarquia da empresa. Por acompanhar a dinâmica da sociedade, o significado do uniforme mudou ao longo das gerações, envolvendo um misto de prestígio, disputas e tensões. Perpassando diversas instâncias da sociedade local, os dados evidenciam que, mais que um material inerte destinado a proteger os trabalhadores, o uniforme materializa relações de gênero e de classe, possui uma vida social essencialmente dinâmica, "impregnada" de memórias, sonhos e conquistas, além de ser marcado por perseguições, demissões, medo e dor.
Abstract: The thesis examines the social uses and symbolic meanings which are present in the working uniform adopted by a large steel company, Usiminas, located in Ipatinga (MG). This uniform has the particularity of being one of the greatest symbols of prestige in the region, since all the employees wear it, regardless of hierarchy level or gender (even the president of the company wears it, under a discourse of equality). However, the rigid hierarchy of the company - inherited from the Japanese - points to differences (in position, salary, qualifications and exercise of power). Thus, to grasp the symbolic effectiveness of uniform, in the context in which it was implanted and used, this analysis articulates symbolic anthropology, material culture and social history, restoring the historical trajectory regarding its adoption in Brazilian factories, as well as the context in which Usiminas was constructed, allowing to consolidate the local elite and to rank the classes. In the process of symbolic disputes in urban areas, the uniform was useful to shape behaviors and "civilize" the workers. However, the control that it provides has been transformed into a status symbol. Among the strategies that favor the symbolic transubstantiation, there are the president's performances as "an equal" and the rituals which are richly drawn by the company. In a relational perspective of gender, the study reveals that the steel company was conceived as a locus of men. In spite of that, the progressive female participation in this space and the adoption of a "masculinized" uniform - which at first aimed to control the sexuality - have given new opportunities to women who have come to occupy positions of leadership in the company hierarchy. Following the dynamics of the society, the meaning of the uniform has changed over the generations, involving a mix of prestige, disputes and tensions. Bypassing various levels of the local society, the data show that, rather than an inert material to protect the workers, the uniform materializes gender and class relations, has an essentially dynamic social life, "impregnated" by memories, dreams and achievements, besides being marked by harassment, layoffs, fear and pain.
Doutorado
Doutor em Antropologia Social

Abstract:

The current work is an intellectual history of how blood permeated early modern Spaniards' conceptions of morality and purity. This paper examines Spanish intellectuals' references to blood in their medical, theological, demonological, and historical works. Through these excerpts, this thesis demonstrates how this language of blood played a role in buttressing the church's conception of good morals. This, in turn, will show that blood was used as a way to persecute Jews and Muslims, and ultimately define the early modern Spanish identity.

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This thesis examines three contestations involving human remains which have arisen in the Eastern Cape over the past fifteen years. It shows that the value or meaning attached to human remains is constructed through the socio-historical dynamics out of which these contestations arise. The meaning and value of human remains is neither inherent nor neutral. In Ndancama's case, the need for housing in Fingo Village led hundreds of poor residents to settle on the township's Old Cemetery in 1972. Basic material needs trumped concerns for those buried in the cemetery. When the post-apartheid municipality sought to provide sewerage and housing infrastructure for Ndancama in 2003, its development plans were constrained by new heritage legislation which protects historic cemeteries. Residents insisted that their infrastructural needs were of primary importance. In 1993, the unearthing of human remains at the Old Military Cemetery in King William's Town created a thirteen year long saga which was only resolved with the reburial of the remains in 2006. The presence of the remains proved problematic for a number of reasons. Local authorities failed to rebury the remains speedily. The burden to store them fell on the Kaffrarian Museum which came under fire because this was considered unethical in the postapartheid era. The identity of the remains became a bone of contention in 2006 when the new Amathole District Municipality concluded that the remains were those of victims who died in the 1856-57 Great Cattle Killing. The remains and their reburial became symbols of past injustice and present restoration of African heritage. The 1996 quest by 'Nicholas Gcaleka', a 'self-styled' chief and traditional healer, to search for King Hintsa's skull in the United Kingdom provoked unprecedented public engagement with the incomplete narrative on the fate of Hintsa's body. The power to represent history, and the methods through which historical truth is discovered were at the heart of the contestation. Elites such as the Xhosa Royal and the white scientific establishment were considered neither credible nor authoritative on this historical matter. Public support for Gcaleka revealed that many South Africans sought just recompense for colonial injustices.

Abstract:

This ethnoecological study of the Makushi Amerindians of Amazonian Guyana explores the place of plants in the indigenous culture and cosmology. The North Rupununi, the homeland of the Makushi people, is a bioculturally diverse mosaic of neotropical savannahs, forests, and wetlands. As subsistence hunters, fishers, and horticulturalists, the Makushi live in a constant and dynamic interaction with their ecologically rich surroundings. Against the human-faunal bias latent in much Amazonian anthropology, I place plants firmly at the centre of analysis, a positioning that mirrors their centrality in the ethnographic context. Human-plant encounters explored herein include swidden agriculture, the cultivation of bitter cassava, the fermentation of cassava drinks using a domesticated fungus, the use of a category of charm plants, and the consumption of plant substances in shamanic ritual. With the Makushi, I emphasise the status of plants as living selves and agents of semiosis, occupying perspectives on the world in and outside of their interactions with human beings. In order to investigate ethno-theories of life, I attempt to understand the constitution of the person - and associated notions of body and soul - in the indigenous cosmology. Makushi ontology can be characterised as animic - though as I argue, it also incorporates naturalistic and analogic elements. Thus, it is poly-ontological. This study pursues a dual goal: first, to pay heed to the trans-specific domain of living entities revealed in the Makushi ethnoecology, and second, to rethink conventional symbolic frameworks characteristic of anthropological approaches to culture. I explore the application of a more robust approach to sign-flows in nature - Peircian ecosemiotics - that allows for the analysis of plant communication, birdcalls, insect stings, and leaf patterns, as well as human language. In tracing these interspecific webs of signification, conclusions are drawn about the varied ways in which Makushi people engage with and think about their living environment. At the same time, many Makushi multispecies engagements are based on the physical transfer of substances between bodies of different kinds. In order to better account for this pervasive 'substance logic', greater attention must be paid to indigenous notions of corporeality and personhood. In doing so, I propose a dual analytical model that takes both the flows of signs and the flows of substances as its combined objective. This approach enables new conclusions to be drawn about multispecies relationality in indigenous Amazonian cosmologies.

Abstract:

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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas
Analysis of the symbolic dimension of the scientific journal, of what it represents to the scientific community, this dissertation emphasizes the importance of the mechanisms that attribute value to the scientific journal. It especially considers the creation of institutions whose objectives are to promote and stimulate the development of scientific and technological research, and whose policies support scientific publications. The corpus of the research is constituted by the scientific periodicals covering the area of Nutrition. The analysis focuses on their indexes, their explicit criteria for manuscripts? evaluation and selection by the scientific referees, and the composition of their Editorial Boards ? taking into account that authors may also perform the roles of editor or board member. The research results show how recent is the area of Nutrition and how the journals in such area need to reevaluate their objectives. It concludes that it?s necessary that journals adopt norms and specific patterns, besides proceeding to the selection and revision of the articles already entrenched in scientific editing, in order to have them indexed in mechanisms of the Nutrition area. Such procedures will assure that Brazilian science articles will be available at the main national and international database.
An?lise da dimens?o simb?lica da revista cient?fica, ou seja, o que ela representa para a comunidade cient?fica. Destaca-se a import?ncia dos mecanismos que atribuem valor ao peri?dico cient?fico, enfatizando-se a relev?ncia da cria??o dos ?rg?os de fomento que, al?m de promoverem e estimularem o desenvolvimento das investiga??es cient?ficas e tecnol?gicas, praticam pol?ticas de apoio ? publica??o cient?fica. Constitui o corpus desta pesquisa os peri?dicos cient?ficos da ?rea da Nutri??o, dos quais se analisar? a indexa??o, os crit?rios expl?citos de sele??o e avalia??o dos manuscritos pelos revisores cient?ficos, al?m da composi??o do Corpo Editorial considerando-se que o pesquisador-autor pode ainda desempenhar o papel de editor ou de membro do conselho editorial. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a ?rea da Nutri??o ? ainda jovem e que os peri?dicos cient?ficos espec?ficos dessa ?rea precisam redimensionar os seus objetivos. ? necess?rio que adotem normas e padr?es espec?ficos, al?m de proceder ? sele??o e revis?o dos artigos j? sedimentados na editora??o cient?fica, almejando a sua indexa??o em mecanismos da ?rea. Tais procedimentos garantir?o a presen?a dos artigos da ci?ncia brasileira nas principais bases de dados nacionais e internacionais.

Abstract:

This study investigated flower initiation and development in Boronia megastigma Nees. Detailed morphological descriptions of flower, vegetative, and reverted buds have been given. Flowers were found to initiate from uncommitted axillary buds in the axils of mature leaves on current seasons laterals. Flower buds usually initiated in autumn and continued to differentiate slowly over winter, reaching anthesis in early spring. Photosynthesis and respiration rates were measured at a range of temperatures (using infra red gas analysis) on both fully expanded and immature leaves of current seasons laterals. Apparent photosynthesis was highest in the mature tissue and peaked at 20°C for both types of leaves. The dark respiration rate was greater in the immature leaves and continued to increase with temperature. True photosynthesis was highest at 25°C. A light saturation curve was carried out on fully expandedleaves (at 20°C) and occurred between 400-600µmol m-2 s-1 .This data was used to estimate photosynthetic rates in the glasshouse and also to calculate uptake rates when labelling with 14CO2.The effects of a night break, PFD, temperature, and daylength on flower initiation and development were studied. As a consequence, low night temperatures (<10°C) in combination with short days (10hrs) and 50 to 100 percent full sunlight was termed "inductive" conditions, whereas moderate night temperatures (>l5°C) and long days (16hrs) was called "noninductive" conditions. Boronia does not appear to be a photoperiodically sensitive plant, and providing PFD is not limiting it has little effect on flowering under "inductive" conditions. Night temperature had a dominant effect on the initiation and development of the flowers. Flower development rather than flower initiation seemed to be more affected by the environmental parameters. The same environments that favoured flower bud initiation also resulted in the highest percentage of flowers that reached anthesis. Some degree of antagonism appeared to exist between apical activity and the initiation of generative buds and their development. Correlative inhibition by the vegetative apex was investigated by removal of the most apical three pairs of leaves in "inductive" and "noninductive" conditions before and after floral initiation. On previously non-flowering laterals the rapid re-establishment of apical dominance prevented floral bud initiation in the most apical remaining pair of leaf axils. On pre-induced laterals the removal of the apex enhanced flower differentiation particularly in the most apically remaining leaf axils, and the extent of this was modified by the environment . Autoradiography was used to follow the distribution of 14C photosynthate during flower initiation and development under "inductive" and "noninductive" conditions. This method was used also to study the reversion of floral differentiation, and the effect of apex removal. The partitioning of labelled 14CO2 into a chloroform soluble fraction, proteins, sugars, starch, free amino acids and amides, organic acids and phosphates, and structural residue was measured (using liquid scintillation counting). Mature leaves and immature leaves were analyzed separately during the first 70 days of "inductive" conditions. Quite distinct differences in the partitioning patterns of some of the fractions were noted between the two types of tissue, and the differences were reduced after 40-50 days. The level of partitioning into the amino acid fraction in both types during the first 20 days of "inductive" conditions. Consequently the fluctuation of free amino acids and amides in the mature leaves was measured by HPLC during the first 30 days of inductive conditions. The major amino acids and amides were found to be alanine, asparagine, methionine, and proline. The concentration of many amino acids was affected by the change in environment and there were several changes of concentration over a period of time. In vitro techniques were used to investigate apical dominance, tissue maturity, and the influence of daylength and temperature on flower initiation and development. The highest percentage of flowers was found on explants that had fully expanded leaves and no vegetative apex. Fewer flowers on these explants reverted or aborted before reaching anthesis. No floral initiation occurred on explants that retained the vegetative apex or that did not have fully expanded leaves. The environmental influence on initiation and subsequent differentiation and development was similar to the results found in the in vivo experiments. Some competition between flowering and vegetative vigour was demonstrated in vitro and on whole plants. The effects of cytokinin and auxin were also studied in vivo and in vitro. The effects of cytokinin and auxin were modified by the environmental parameters used. Increased cytokinin concentration enhanced the initiation and rate of differentiation of floral and vegetative buds, however, many flower buds reverted with higher rates of cytokinin (4-10 mg BAP/l) and it was thought that normal differentiation and development to anthesis possibly requires less BAP than does initiation. The presence of IAA appeared to be unnecessary for flower initiation, differentiation, and development. In "noninductive" conditions higher levels of IAA (3 mg/l) were promotive to rooting. The process(es) of flower initiation and development were discussed in light of the experiments detailed above.

Abstract:

碩士
中國文化大學
美術學系
104
"Artists are artists, who recognized the truth and put the truth in the correct form for us to contemplate and touch our feelings.”Art, mainly means the creators combine the emotion, expression, creativity and culture of the times. Art also made the artist create independently a spirit products to combine the reflection of life.The theme of the painting “Flowers”has been used for a long time. This topic under the old artists is more than describing the viewing of flowers. "Flowers - color memories and combinations”that I want to discuss the different on the flower-painting history between the East and the West and the influence of coming painters on me. And I hope it can bring out a brand new creaction through the traditional memory colors.“Flower”is not only the mood transmitter but also plays an extremely important role on the expression of feelings whether joyful or sad. Through the beauty of flowers and the symbol of emotions bring out my work. Under the content of paintings, the meaning of flowers, the symbol of colors, skill and material all that make my work and express how deeply I feel about the flowers.